In this Keystone Symposia the organizers will showcase the outstanding breakthroughs in TB research in the 50 years since the Keystone Symposia founding while highlighting current advances. Because of their current promise, special attention will be given to the results of recent vaccine trials as well the discovery and implementation of improved antibiotic regimens. Also emphasized will be exciting advances in basic understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, in particular, in the area of immunometabolism, that are leading to the identification of new host-directed treatment targets. The current state of global tuberculosis will be reviewed as well as the impact of viral pandemics on tuberculosis research and control and on the achievement of ultimate goal of TB eradication.